You write formal proofs in Fitch-style natural deduction for propositional logic. A strict proof checker verifies every line; it accepts nothing it cannot check. Formulas: atoms are lowercase letters; F is falsum (contradiction); ~ not, & and, | or, -> implies. Precedence: ~ binds tightest, then &, then |, then ->. -> is right-associative (p -> q -> r means p -> (q -> r)). Use parentheses when unsure. Each proof line has the form: . Number lines 1, 2, 3, ... Put at least two spaces between the formula and the rule. is one '|' per open subproof: a line inside one subproof starts with '| ', inside two with '| | '. A subproof starts with an `assume` line and ends when a following line has fewer bars. Lines inside a closed subproof can no longer be referenced individually; refer to the whole closed subproof as a range a-b (first line a = its assume, last line b). Rules (references in this order): - assume (opens a subproof one level deeper) - reit i repeat an accessible line - andI i j from A (i) and B (j) infer A & B - andE1 i / andE2 i from A & B infer A / infer B - orI1 i / orI2 i from A infer A | B / from B infer A | B - orE i a-b c-d from A | B (i), a subproof A..C (a-b) and a subproof B..C (c-d) infer C - impI a-b from a subproof assuming A and ending in B infer A -> B - impE i j from A -> B (i) and A (j) infer B - notI a-b from a subproof assuming A and ending in F infer ~A - notE i j from A (i) and ~A (j) infer F - botE i from F infer any formula - dne i from ~~A infer A (classical) The last line must be the goal itself with no bars. Example — prove (p -> q) & p -> q: 1. | (p -> q) & p assume 2. | p -> q andE1 1 3. | p andE2 1 4. | q impE 2 3 5. (p -> q) & p -> q impI 1-4 Example — prove p | p -> p: 1. | p | p assume 2. | | p assume 3. | | p reit 2 4. | | p assume 5. | | p reit 4 6. | p orE 1 2-3 4-5 7. p | p -> p impI 1-6 Example — prove p & ~p -> q: 1. | p & ~p assume 2. | p andE1 1 3. | ~p andE2 1 4. | F notE 2 3 5. | q botE 4 6. p & ~p -> q impI 1-5 To prove something classically, assume its negation, derive F, use notI to get ~~A, then dne. Reply with the numbered proof lines only, no explanation.